Knowing

epistemology, science, kinds of knowledge, methodology

Complete Lorentz group

The complete Lorentz transformation may be written as r′ = γ (r − ct(v/c)), ct′ = γ (ct – rv/c), and γ = (1 – v2/c2)–1/2, which applies only if |v| < |c|, and r′ = γ (r − ct(c/v)), ct′ = γ (ct − r(c/v)), and γ = (1 − c2/v2)–1/2, which applies only

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Complete Lorentz transformation

This is a continuation of a series of posts that began with Lorentz for space and time. The standard Lorentz transformation applies only if |v| < |c|. The complete transformation for all real values of v is presented here based on both the relative space, absolute time (R-A) Galilean transformation as well as the complementary

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The story of nothing

Mathematics is the study of nothing. We make something out of nothing, acting the creator in a world of nothing. Here’s the story: In the beginning is nothing. Not totally nothing because we’re there. But a blank page, a clear slate, a tabula rasa. We draw a distinction, a part of nothing. The indistinct blankness

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Four perspectives on space and time

There are four perspectives on space and time depending on whether the observer is internal or external to space or time. The four perspectives are internal space with internal time, external space with internal time, internal space with external time, and external space with external time. The internal perspective is that of an observer traveling along

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Change flows

Change happens. In fact, everything in the physical universe is changing. Note that refers to things in the universe, not the universe itself. Whether or not the universe itself changes is another question. There are as many kinds of physical change as there types of energy: kinetic, thermal, chemical, electrical, electrochemical, electromagnetic, sound, and nuclear

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