Measuring movement

The dimensions of an object are measured by movements, whether by moving a measuring device or moving one’s eyes while a measuring device stays in the same position. Movements themselves are measured by comparing them with standard movements, such as a movement with constant velocity. A movement compared with a standard linear movement generates a spatial component of the movement. A movement compared with a standard cyclic movement generates a temporal component of the movement.

Movements may also be compared with standard movements that do not begin or end but move continually. A standard cyclic movement that is continual is called a clock. One can mark a virtual beginning and ending on a clock so it acts as a stopwatch.

A standard movement has a constant linear or angular velocity. If the movement it is compared with changes in velocity, the standard movement keeps going at the same rate. If changes to velocity are ignored, the result is a length. If length is ignored, the result is a time (duration).

A clock is a standard movement that doesn’t go anywhere. It’s all angle and no distance. A standard speed is all distance and no angle. It goes everywhere at the same speed, like light.

A velocity is the ratio of a change in distance with a given change in time, which is a non-zero duration such as a unit of time. A lenticity is the ratio of a change in duration with a given change in travel length, which is a non-zero distance such as a unit of length.