With circular motion there is a radius and circumference that may be measured as distance or duration. Call the spatial circumference S, and the temporal circumference T, which is known as the period. Distinguish the spatial and temporal versions of the radius, R, and the angle of motion, θ, by using Rs and Rt, and […]
This post follows on the previous post here, as well as other posts such as here. The one-way speed of light is a convention (see John A. Winnie, Philosophy of Science, v. 37, 1970). The two-way (round-trip) speed of light is known to be c, but the one-way speed may vary between c/2 and infinity,
This post relates to the previous post here, as well as posts on light conventions here and here. There comes a point in science in which a convention needs to be adopted in order to avoid confusion and ensure consistency. The tendency, however, is to think that the convention adopted is real, that is, that
A theory of levity might be hilarious but the basic sense of the word levity is lightness, the opposite of gravity’s heaviness. In Aristotle levity is like buoyancy, as some things in water float and others sink. Aristotle commits himself to gravity and levity as two distinct qualities, both of them positive. Fire has levity
This post is related to the one on circular orbits. I’ll continue to follow the exposition in Elements of Newtonian Mechanics by J.M. Knudsen and P.G. Hjorth (Spriner, 1995), this time starting with page 33. As before, the point is to derive a temporo-spatial theory that is symmetric with the spatio-temporal one. Although the parallel
This post is related to previous ones about base + 3D duration (3D time), such as here and here. Time is measured in terms of the annual calendar and the daily clock. Clocks are based on the apparent motion of the Sun and other celestial bodies across the sky, divided into 24 hours. The calendar
A mass may be measured by a scale with a fulcrum, such as this: The equation M1 × a = M2 × b can also be stated as: M1 : b = M2 : a which can then be inverted as b : M1 = a : M2 If the mass of M1 is a
Two key expressions for time domain dynamics are the momentum and the kinetic energy. Here we derive the corresponding distance domain expressions, which are called the levamentum and the kinetic lethargy. The momentum and kinetic energy are the force through time or space: momentum = mv = F Δt, an kinetic energy = mv²/2 =
The speed of a motion is its length of travel per unit of duration. Symbolically, speed is Δr/Δt. Pace is its duration per unit of length. Symbolically, pace is Δt/Δr. In both of these ratios, the denominator is chosen independently of the numerator. That is, the denominator is selected first, and then the numerator is
What does “no motion” mean for the measurement of speed or pace? There are two cases of no motion: either (1) the trajectory length is zero or (2) the trajectory duration is zero. Consider first the speed ratio (Δr/Δt). (1) the trajectory length is zero: then the speed is zero because it equals zero length
