The flow of time and space

Marcus Aurelius wrote, “Time is like a river made up of the events which happen, and a violent stream; for as soon as a thing has been seen, it is carried away, and another comes in its place, and this will be carried away too.” Time flows, and keeps flowing day and night, whether anything is happening or not.

But a river flows in space as well as time. Heraclitus is reported to have said, “No man ever steps in the same river twice”. This is because a river moves, and the water that was here is now there. The spatial position of water in a river keeps changing. Space is like a river, too.

There is a sense that time is always moving because clocks are always moving. But on the world’s roads vehicles are always moving somewhere, and odometers are always measuring distances. So in a similar sense space is always moving.

Clocks sometimes stop or are stopped intentionally. If we stop measuring time, time does not stop. The same is true with distance. If we stop measuring distance, space does not stop. We have not reached the edge of the universe.

We cannot measure time without movement so movement must have some special relation to time. But with a ruler we move our eyes from one place to another even if we don’t move the ruler. With longer distances we must move the ruler. A rolling distance measuring wheel can move indefinitely. If we measure distance with light as surveyors or astronomers do, the light moves. We cannot measure distance without movement as well.

As with duration, so with distance in a parallel manner. As with time, so with space. Time flows? So does space.